From absolute doubt to scoped knowledge Move from a guarantee to a method "Nothing can be known" Absolute; it names no test, so it directs no checking Refused Doubting everything checks nothing. Method 1. State context 2. Keep records 3. Compare independently 4. Report limits Scoped knowledge Agreed with the oracle over tested indices under convention C Supported within stated limits Limits make a conclusion precise; they do not make it worthless. From doubt to scoped knowledge "Nothing can be known" Absolute; it names no test to run Refused Use a method 1. State context 2. Keep records 3. Compare independently 4. Report limits Scoped knowledge Agreed over tested indices, under stated convention C. Supported within stated limits. Limits make the conclusion precise.